新冠抗病毒药,究竟该何时用药(新冠抗病毒药,究竟该何时用)

农村养殖畜牧网 养殖技术 261
仅供医学专业人士阅读参考


诊疗大小问题,看看指南怎么说



新型冠状病毒感染确诊超过5天,是否还需启用奈玛特韦片/利托那韦片组合包装抗病毒治疗?

《浙江省新型冠状病毒感染临床用药建议(第一期)》:

推荐意见:



(1)对于轻型/中型患者,发病>5d,在药物可及性受限的情况下,原则上不推荐使用。

(2)对于重型/危重型患者,发病5d但新冠病毒核酸Ct值<30者,应用抗病毒药物仍可能有一定获益。

推荐依据:



奈玛特韦片/利托那韦片组合包装目前在我国属于附条件批准,作用机制为抑制病毒复制,而非直接杀灭病毒。说明书建议在新型冠状病毒感染确诊或出现症状后5天内尽快服用本品,连续服用5天。新冠病毒感染的第1-5天属于病毒快速复制期,所以需要在前5天内服用,越早效果越好。

对于重症(包括重型及危重型)患者,核酸Ct<30提示体内病毒载量较高,发病超过5天,仍可尝试使用奈玛特韦片/利托那韦片组合包装,以降低死亡率。

已在用心血管疾病治疗药物的患者,能否同时服用奈玛特韦/利托那韦组合包装?

已使用抗凝/抗血小板药物的患者,联用奈玛特韦/利托那韦是否需要调整用药?


打开决策助手App临床指南模块,对话各大指南


国内外权威指南

决策助手“临床指南”模块都有👇

新冠抗病毒药,究竟该何时用药(新冠抗病毒药,究竟该何时用)


参考文献:

[1]奈玛特韦片/利托那韦片组合包装说明书(国家药品监督管理局,2022年2月11日核准,2022

年11月18日修改)

[2]中华医学会呼吸病学分会危重症学组,中国医师协会呼吸医师分会危重症医学专家组.奥密克

戎变异株所致重症新型冠状病毒感染临床救治专家推荐意见[J].中华结核和呼吸杂志,2022,

46(2).

[3]https://www.covid19-druginteractions.org/checker

[4]Abraham S,Nohria A,Neilan TG,Asnani A,Saji AM,Shah J,Lech T,Grossman J,Abraham

GM,McQuillen DP,Martin DT,Sax PE,Dani SS,Ganatra S.Cardiovascular Drug Interactions

With Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir in Patients With COVID-19:JACC Review Topic of the Week.J

Am Coll Cardiol.2022 Nov 15;80(20):1912-1924.

[5]Mueck W,Kubitza D,Becka M.Co-administration of rivaroxaban with drugs that share

its elimination pathways:pharmacokinetic effects in healthy subjects.Br J Clin Pharmacol.

2013 Sep;76(3):455-66.

[6]Giugliano RP,Ruff CT,Braunwald E,Murphy SA,Wiviott SD,Halperin JL,Waldo AL,

Ezekowitz MD,Weitz JI,Špinar J,Ruzyllo W,Ruda M,Koretsune Y,Betcher J,Shi M,Grip

LT,Patel SP,Patel I,Hanyok JJ,Mercuri M,Antman EM;ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 Investigators.

Edoxaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation.N Engl J Med.2013 Nov

28;369(22):2093-104.

[7]Egan G,Hughes CA,Ackman ML.Drug interactions between antiplatelet or novel oral

—28—

anticoagulant medications and antiretroviral medications.Ann Pharmacother.2014

Jun;48(6):734-40.

[8]Kaminsky LS,Zhang ZY.Human P450 metabolism of warfarin.Pharmacol Ther.

1997;73(1):67-74.

[9]Liverpool Drug Interactions Group.Interactions with essential medicines and

nirmatrelvir/ritonavir https://www.covid19-druginteractions.org/,Accessed 12th Jun

2022.

[10]Marsousi N,Daali Y,Fontana P,Reny JL,Ancrenaz-Sirot V,Calmy A,Rudaz S,Desmeules

JA,Samer CF.Impact of Boosted Antiretroviral Therapy on the Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy

of Clopidogrel and Prasugrel Active Metabolites.Clin Pharmacokinet.2018

Oct;57(10):1347-1354.

[11]Cuker A,Tseng EK,Schünemann HJ,Angchaisuksiri P,Blair C,Dane K,DeSancho MT,

Diuguid D,Griffin DO,Kahn SR,Klok FA,Lee AI,Neumann I,Pai A,Righini M,Sanfilippo

KM,Siegal DM,Skara M,Terrell DR,Touri K,Akl EA,Al Jabiri R,Al Jabiri Y,Boulos M,

Brignardello-Petersen R,Charide R,Colunga-Lozano LE,Dearness K,Darzi AJ,Karam SG,

Morgano GP,Morsi RZ,Philip BA,Benitez YR,Stevens A,Solo K,Wiercioch W,Mustafa RA,

Nieuwlaat R.American Society of Hematology living guidelines on the use of anticoagulation

for thromboprophylaxis for patients with COVID-19:March 2022 update on the use of

anticoagulation in critically ill patients.Blood Adv.2022 Sep 13;6(17):4975-4982.

[12]COVID-19 and VTE/Anticoagulation:Frequently Asked Questions.American Society of

Hematology.Available at:

https://www.hematology.org/covid-19/covid-19-and-vte-anticoagula-tion(Accessed on

—29—

September 23,2022).

[13]Lemaitre F,Budde K,Van Gelder T,Bergan S,Lawson R,Noceti O,Venkataramanan R,

Elens L,Moes DJAR,Hesselink DA,Pawinski T,Johnson-Davis KL,De Winter BCM,Pattanaik

S,Brunet M,Masuda S,Langman LJ.Therapeutic drug monitoring and dosage adjustments of

immunosuppressive drugs when combined with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in patients with

COVID-19.Ther Drug Monit.2022 Aug 9.doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000001014.Epub ahead of

print.

[14]Badri P,Dutta S,Coakley E,Cohen D,Ding B,Podsadecki T,Bernstein B,Awni W,Menon

R.Pharmacokinetics and dose recommendations for cyclosporine and tacrolimus when

coadministered with ABT-450,ombitasvir,and dasabuvir.Am J Transplant.2015

May;15(5):1313-22.

[15]Krown SE,Roy D,Lee JY,Dezube BJ,Reid EG,Venkataramanan R,Han K,Cesarman E,Dittmer

DP.Rapamycin with antiretroviral therapy in AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma:an AIDS

Malignancy Consortium study.J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr.2012 Apr 15;59(5):447-54.

[16]https://covid19-sciencetable.ca/sciencebrief/nirmatrelvir-ritonavir-paxlovid-what-pre

scribers-and-pharmacists-need-to-know-3-0/

[17]Considerations for the use of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir(brand name Paxlovid)to treat

COVID-19-Canada.ca

[18]Paxlovid Drug-Drug Interactions|COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines(nih.gov)

[19]Hiremath S,McGuinty M,Argyropoulos C,Brimble KS,Brown PA,Chagla Z,Cooper R,Hoar

S,Juurlink D,Treleaven D,Walsh M,Yeung A,Blake P.Prescribing Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir

—30—

for COVID-19 in Advanced CKD.Clin J Am Soc Nephrol.2022,17(8):1247-1250.

[20]Lingscheid T,Kinzig M,Krüger A,Müller N,Bölke G,Tober-Lau P,Münn F,Kriedemann

H,Witzenrath M,Sander LE,Sörgel F,Kurth F.Pharmacokinetics of Nirmatrelvir and

Ritonavir in COVID-19 Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease on Intermittent Hemodialysis.

Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2022,66(11):e0122922.

[21]https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fd

a-authorizes-first-oral-antiviral-treatment-covid-19

[22]https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-initiates-ph

ase-23-study-novel-covid-19-oral

[23]https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT05261139

[24]https://www.pfizermedicalinformationgulf.com/en-gulf/paxlovid/what-allergensingred

ients-paxlovidtm-contains

[25]国家卫生健康委员会国家中医药管理局.新型冠状病毒感染诊疗方案(试行第十版)[国卫办

医急函〔2023〕4号]http://www.nhc.gov.cn/cms-search/xxgk

/getManuscriptXxgk.htm?id=32de5b2ff9bf4eaa88e75bdf7223a65a

[26]National Institutes Of Health.Coronavirus Disease 2019(Covid-19)Treatment

Guidelines.https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/.

[27]Loza A,Farias R,Gavin N,Wagner R,Hammer E,Shields A.Short-term Pregnancy Outcomes

After Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir Treatment for Mild-to-Moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019

(COVID-19).Obstet Gynecol.2022 Sep 1;140(3):447-449.

[28]Food and Drug Administration.Fact sheet for healthcare providers:emergency use

authorization for Paxlovid.2022.Available at:

—31—

https://www.fda.gov/media/155050/download.

[29]CTC and CTRAWG Practice Brief–Crushing Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir.

[30]Menon S,Nucci G,Bergman A.Innovative Randomized Phase I Study and Dosing Regimen

Selection to Accelerate and Inform Pivotal COVID-19 Trial of Nirmatrelvir.Clin Pharmacol

Ther.2022 Jul;112(1):101-111


标签: 新冠抗病毒药 究竟该何时用药 新冠肺炎抗病毒用药 新冠病毒药什么时候研究出来 何时

抱歉,评论功能暂时关闭!